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1.
Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 19-23, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984318

ABSTRACT

Introduction@#Septic arthritis is an infection of the joint. Considered a medical emergency, it requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Local data on the clinical profile of septic arthritis patients in the Philippines are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with septic arthritis in the local setting.@*Objective@#To determine the clinical profile and outcome of adult Filipino patients with septic arthritis admitted at a tertiary hospital. @*Methodology@#This is a retrospective descriptive study of the medical records of patients with septic arthritis admitted at Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu City, from January 2012 to December 2019.@*Results@#Fifty- seven patients were included in this study. Sixty-four percent were males. Forty-three percent were between the ages of 45 to 64 years old. Diabetes mellitus (49.12%) was identified as the most common comorbidity. 94% of patients presented with monoarthritis, with the knee being the most commonly involved joint (73%). 85% of patients presented with joint pain and swelling. Gram-negative bacilli were the most common pathogen isolated at 31.5%. In addition, 87% of patients had synovial fluid white blood cell counts of more than 50,000/uL. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used empiric antibiotic (31.5%). Based on sensitivity results, empiric antibiotic treatment was adequate in 66.67% of the cases. 64% of patients underwent surgical intervention in addition to antibiotic therapy.@*Conclusion@#This study highlights the unique characteristics of septic arthritis in this population, such as its prevalence in middle-aged patients and the isolation of gram-negative bacilli as the most common isolate. This study showed that the majority of patients were male, with monoarthritis as the most common presentation. Half of the studied population had diabetes mellitus. High clinical suspicion and awareness of risk factors should be emphasized so that timely and adequate treatment may be provided.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1429605

ABSTRACT

Introducción: A pesar de su baja incidencia, las infecciones osteoarticulares pueden generar complicaciones y secuelas devastadoras para el niño en desarrollo con su esqueleto en crecimiento. El manejo general de la patología debe ser multidisciplinario, asociando la terapia antibiótica y un tratamiento quirúrgico adecuado si se requiere. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar los resultados sobre las diferentes opciones terapéuticas quirúrgicas (punción-aspiración, lavado artroscópico o lavado abierto) en el tratamiento de la artritis séptica en la edad, mediante la realización de revisión sistematizada de la bibliografía. Metodología: Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica online en los buscador PubMed y en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) utilizando los siguientes términos MESH: ("Arthritis, Infectious/surgery"(Mesh) OR "Arthritis, Infectious/therapy"(Mesh)), utilizando filtros de búsqueda y aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión según nuestro objetivo. De los artículos incluidos se obtuvieron entre otros los siguiente datos: país, año, nivel de evidencia, número de pacientes con artritis séptica, articulación afectada, edad media, seguimiento promedio, tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico realizado de inicio y sus resultados según cada autor : complicaciones (de la enfermedad y del procedimiento ) y/o secuelas (en base a evolución clínica y radiológica), necesidad de un tratamiento quirúrgico adicional ante la falla del método terapéutico inicial y además de conclusiones relevantes de cada autor. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 22 artículos: 8 para el lavado por artroscopia, 6 para el lavado por artrocentesis, 4 para el lavado por artrotomía, ademas de otros 4 artículos que realizaba un análisis comparativo: dos de ellos entre lavado artroscópico y lavado por artrotomía y los otros dos entre lavado por artrocentesis y lavado abierto. El lavado artroscópico se encuentra en lo más alto de nuestra revisión ya que presenta los mejores resultados con solo un 6% complicaciones y/o secuelas (en solo 4 de los 8 artículos incluidos), con un total de 13 pacientes (8,7% ) que requirieron un tratamiento adicional (5 artrotomías y 8 un nueva lavado artroscópico ) y se destacan ademas 3 artículos con un 100% de buenos resultados, en los que no se presentaron complicaciones y/o secuelas, ni se requirió un segundo lavado, mientras que solo en 3 trabajos, de los 8, se necesitó de la artrotomía adicional para la resolución final. Para el lavado por artrocentesis se obtuvo el menor porcentaje de complicaciones y/o secuelas con un 2%, (reportado en tres de los 6 trabajos), y solo el 9,7% necesitaron de un segundo método terapéutico diferente a la aspiración articular (23 artrotomías y 2 artroscopias), destacando ademas la repetición de la punción (hasta 4 veces) como dentro de la directiva terapéutica del autor en dos artículos, y que para éste método se encontró el mayor número de pacientes. El lavado por artrotomía como método inicial obtuvo los peores resultados, con un 12% de complicaciones y/o secuelas y un 22,6% de lavados adicionales. Conclusiones: A pesar de que el lavado abierto por artrotomía se toma como el ¨ gold-standard ¨, teniendo indicaciones absolutas en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la artritis séptica en niños (especialmente en cadera), de nuestro análisis se desprende que ésta opción arroja los peores porcentajes de resultados, duplicando el porcentaje de necesidad de lavado adicional y el de complicaciones, en comparación con el lavado artroscópico. Existen otros métodos terapéuticos que se presentan como procedimientos menos invasivos, seguros y eficaces, respaldados por buenos resultados en la biografiaría, como son: el lavado por artroscopia (que presentó el porcentaje más bajo de pacientes con necesidad de lavado adicional, con el mayor número de artículos con buenos resultados en general, con un porcentaje de complicaciones por debajo del lavado por artrotomía) y el lavado por artrocentesis (que presentó el porcentaje de compilaciones más bajo de las 3 opciones analizadas.


Introduction: Despite its low incidence, osteoarticular infections can generate devastating complications and sequelae for the developing child with his growing skeleton. The general management of the pathology must be multidisciplinary, associating antibiotic therapy and adequate surgical treatment if required. The objective of our work is to analyze the results on the different surgical therapeutic options (puncture-aspiration, arthroscopic lavage or open lavage) in the treatment of septic arthritis in the pediatric age, by carrying out a systematic review of the bibliography. Methodology: We conducted an online bibliographic search in the PubMed search engine and in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) using the following MESH terms: ("Arthritis, Infectious/surgery"(Mesh) OR "Arthritis, Infectious/therapy"(Mesh)), using search filters and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria according to our objective. The following data were obtained from the included articles, among others: country, year, level of evidence, number of patients with septic arthritis, affected joint, mean age, average follow-up, type of initial surgical treatment and its results according to each author: complications (of the disease and of the procedure) and/or sequelae (based on clinical and radiological evolution), the need for additional surgical treatment in the event of failure of the initial therapeutic method, and in addition to relevant conclusions of each author. Results: A total of 22 articles were included: 8 for arthroscopic lavage, 6 for arthrocentesis lavage, 4 for arthrotomy lavage, in addition to another 4 articles that performed a comparative analysis: two of them between arthroscopic lavage and lavage. by arthrotomy and the other two between lavage by arthrocentesis and open lavage. Arthroscopic lavage is at the top of our review as it presents the best results with only 6% complications and/or sequelae (in only 4 of the 8 articles included), with a total of 13 patients (8.7% ) that required additional treatment (5 arthrotomies and 8 a new arthroscopic lavage) and also highlight 3 articles with 100% good results, in which there were no complications and/or sequelae, nor did a second lavage be required, while that only 3 of the 8 studies required an additional arthrotomy for the final resolution. For lavage by arthrocentesis, the lowest percentage of complications and/or sequelae was obtained with 2% (reported in three of the 6 works), and only 9.7% required a second therapeutic method other than joint aspiration (23 arthrotomies and 2 arthroscopies), also highlighting the repetition of the puncture (up to 4 times) as within the author's therapeutic directive in two articles, and that the largest number of patients was found for this method. Arthrotomy lavage as the initial method obtained the worst results, with 12% complications and/or sequelae and 22.6% additional lavages. Conclusions: Even though open lavage by arthrotomy is taken as the ¨ gold-standard ¨, having absolute indications in the surgical treatment of septic arthritis in children (especially in the hip), from our analysis it can be deduced that this option yields the worse percentages of results, doubling the percentage of need for additional lavage and the percentage of complications, compared to arthroscopic lavage. There are other therapeutic methods that are presented as less invasive, safe and effective procedures, supported by good results in the biography, such as: arthroscopic lavage (which presented the lowest percentage of patients requiring additional lavage, with the highest number of articles with good results in general, with a percentage of complications below lavage by arthrotomy) and lavage by arthrocentesis (which presented the lowest percentage of compilations of the 3 options analyzed).


Introdução: Apesar de sua baixa incidência, as infecções osteoarticulares podem gerar complicações e sequelas devastadoras para a criança em desenvolvimento com seu esqueleto em crescimento. O manejo geral da patologia deve ser multidisciplinar, associando antibioticoterapia e tratamento cirúrgico adequado, se necessário. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é analisar os resultados das diferentes opções terapêuticas cirúrgicas (punção-aspiração, lavagem artroscópica ou lavagem aberta) no tratamento da artrite séptica em idade pediátrica, através da realização de uma revisão sistemática da bibliografia. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica online no buscador PubMed e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando os seguintes termos MESH: ( "Arthritis, Infectious/surgery"(Mesh) OR "Arthritis, Infectious/therapy"(Mesh) ), utilizando filtros de busca e aplicando critérios de inclusão e exclusão de acordo com nosso objetivo. Os seguintes dados foram obtidos dos artigos incluídos, entre outros: país, ano, nível de evidência, número de pacientes com artrite séptica, articulação afetada, idade média, seguimento médio, tipo de tratamento cirúrgico inicial e seus resultados de acordo com cada autor: complicações (da doença e do procedimento) e/ou sequelas (com base na evolução clínica e radiológica), necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico adicional em caso de falha do método terapêutico inicial e, além das conclusões relevantes de cada autor. Resultados: Foram incluídos 22 artigos: 8 para lavagem artroscópica, 6 para lavagem artrocentese, 4 para lavagem artrotômica, além de outros 4 artigos que realizaram uma análise comparativa: dois deles entre lavagem artroscópica e lavagem por artrotomia e a outros dois entre lavagem por artrocentese e lavagem aberta. A lavagem artroscópica está no topo da nossa revisão por apresentar os melhores resultados com apenas 6% de complicações e/ou sequelas (em apenas 4 dos 8 artigos incluídos), com um total de 13 doentes (8,7%) que necessitaram de tratamento adicional (5 artrotomias e 8 uma nova lavagem artroscópica) e também destacam 3 artigos com 100% de bons resultados, nos quais não houve complicações e/ou sequelas, nem foi necessária uma segunda lavagem, enquanto que apenas 3 dos 8 estudos necessitaram de uma artrotomia para a resolução final. Para a lavagem por artrocentese, o menor percentual de complicações e/ou sequelas foi obtido com 2% (relatado em três dos 6 trabalhos), e apenas 9,7% necessitaram de um segundo método terapêutico diferente da aspiração articular (23 artrotomias e 2 artroscopias), destacando também a repetição da punção (até 4 vezes) conforme diretriz terapêutica do autor em dois artigos, e que o maior número de pacientes foi encontrado para este método. A lavagem por artrotomia como método inicial obteve os piores resultados, com 12% de complicações e/ou sequelas e 22,6% de lavagens adicionais. Conclusões: Apesar de a lavagem aberta por artrotomia ser tida como ¨padrão-ouro¨, tendo indicações absolutas no tratamento cirúrgico da artrite séptica em crianças (especialmente no quadril), da nossa análise pode-se deduzir que esta opção rende os piores percentuais de resultados, dobrando o percentual de necessidade de lavagem adicional e o percentual de complicações, em comparação com a lavagem artroscópica. Existem outros métodos terapêuticos que se apresentam como procedimentos menos invasivos, seguros e eficazes, corroborados por bons resultados na biografia, tais como: a lavagem artroscópica (que apresentou a menor percentagem de doentes que necessitaram de lavagem adicional, com o maior número de artigos com boa resultados em geral, com percentual de complicações abaixo da lavagem por artrotomia) e lavagem por artrocentese (que apresentou o menor percentual de compilações das 3 opções analisadas).


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Arthroscopy , Arthritis, Infectious/surgery , Arthrocentesis , Therapeutic Irrigation , Joints/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Patient Safety , Systematic Review
3.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(4)oct.-dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536199

ABSTRACT

A case report is presented of a 50-year-old woman who was seen in Accident and Emergency because of pain in the lumbar area. She was subsequently diagnosed with septic arthritis of the left hip due to being Neisseria gonorrhoeae positive for beta-lactamase. She responded to treatment with ceftriaxone, but later required a total hip replacement.


Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 50 arios, sin antecedentes de importancia, a quien se le diagnosticó inicialmente lumbago e infección de vías urinarias. Por persistencia del dolor y limitación de la movilidad en la cadera izquierda se inicia el estudio de artritis séptica, que fue provocada por Neisseria gonorrhoeae betalactamasa positiva, sensible a tratamiento con ceftriaxona, con posterior deterioro articular, el cual requirió reemplazo total de cadera.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bacteria , Arthritis, Infectious , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Infections , Neisseria gonorrhoeae
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358107

ABSTRACT

La artritis séptica acromioclavicular es un cuadro sumamente infrecuente que, por lo general, se presenta en articulaciones con alta vascularización, como cadera, rodilla y hombro. El microorganismo aislado con más frecuencia es Staphylococcus aureus. Describimos a una paciente de 56 años con artritis séptica acromioclavicular, que requirió una intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. Otra particularidad del caso es el germen aislado, Staphylococcus argenteus, una bacteria muy infrecuente en este tipo de enfermedad. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Acromioclavicular septic arthritis is an extremely rare condition that usually occurs in highly vascular joints such as the hip, knee, and shoulder. The most frequently isolated pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. In this presentation we describe a 56-year-old patient with septic arthritis at the acromioclavicular level, requiring emergency surgical intervention. As another peculiarity, the isolated germ was Staphylococcus argenteus, an extremely rare bacterium in this type of pathology. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Staphylococcal Infections , Acromioclavicular Joint , Arthritis, Infectious
5.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 29(1): 8-13, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1369634

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La artritis séptica (AS) posterior a la cirugía de reconstrucción del LCA (RLCA) es una complicación infrecuente pero potencialmente devastadora. Para disminuir el riesgo de esta complicación, en el 2019 comenzamos a utilizar el tratamiento local del injerto de LCA con vancomicina previo a su colocación. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la incidencia de AS postoperatoria en pacientes en los que se utilizó este protocolo con el período inmediatamente anterior, en el que no se usó. Materiales y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con inclusión de todos los pacientes a los que se les realizó una RLCA primaria. Se analizaron dos períodos consecutivos: enero de 2016 a febrero de 2019 (grupo sin tratamiento local con vancomicina) y marzo de 2019 a marzo de 2021 (grupo con protocolo con vancomicina). Se estimó la incidencia de AS postoperatoria en ambos grupos. Se registraron también los casos de infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico y los casos de rigidez postoperatoria. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de ochocientos ocho pacientes. El grupo sin vancomicina quedó conformado por quinientos cincuenta y un (68%) pacientes y el grupo con vancomicina por doscientos cincuenta y siete (32%). En total, siete de los quinientos cincuenta y un pacientes en los cuales no se utilizó vancomicina desarrollaron AS, lo que arrojó una incidencia del 1.27% (IC 95%: 0.5% - 2.5%), mientras que no se registraron casos de AS en el grupo de pacientes en los cuales se utilizó el protocolo con vancomicina (p = 0.07). Con respecto a las infecciones superficiales, se registraron cuatro casos, todas también en el grupo sin vancomicina (p = 0.17). En cuanto a los casos de rigidez postoperatoria se registraron en total catorce, doce del primer grupo (2.1%) y dos del segundo grupo (0.78%) (p = 0.156). Conclusión: El tratamiento local de los injertos con vancomicina previo a la RLCA evitó la AS postoperatoria durante el período de estudio, en comparación con el período inmediatamente anterior, en el que no se utilizó vancomicina. Nivel de Evidencia: III


Introduction: Postoperative septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare but potentially devastating complication. To decrease this risk in 2019 we started presoaking ACL grafts with vancomycin prior to implantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative SA with and without vancomycin presoaked grafts. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients who underwent primary ACLR. Consecutive periods were studied, inclusive of January 2016 through February 2019 (group without vancomycin) and March 2019 through March 2021 (group with vancomycin protocol). The final outcome studied was occurrence of postoperative SA in both groups. Cases of superficial wound infection and cases of postoperative arthrofibrosis were also recorded. Results: a total of 808 patients were included in the study: 551 (68%) in the group without vancomycin and 257 (32%) in the vancomycin protocol group. Seven cases of postoperative SA were noted in the first group (rate 1.27%, IC95%: 0,5% - 2,5%), while no cases of SA were noted in the vancomycin group during the study period (p = 0.07). Regarding superficial wound infection, four cases were noted, all of them in the first group (p = 0.17). A total of fourteen cases of arthrofibrosis were treated with a mobilization under anesthesia, twelve from the first group (2.1%) and two from the vancomycin group (0.78%) (p = 0.156). Conclusion: Presoaking of autografts in vancomycin for primary ACLR prevented the occurrence of postoperative SA during the study period as compared with no soaking of the grafts. Level of Evidence: III


Subject(s)
Adult , Postoperative Complications , Vancomycin , Arthritis, Infectious , Bone Transplantation , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Infections
6.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 9(2): 118-135, 20220000. tab, ilust
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1445037

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La artritis séptica es considerada una emergencia en ortopedia. Se define como el proceso inflamatorio desproporcionado, desencadenado por la colonización de algún microorganismo en el espacio articular que con los cambios fisiopatológicos ocasionados degradan el cartílago y aumentan la morbimortalidad, la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria, las secuelas irreversibles, así como los costos para el sistema de salud. Por tal razón, es vital que el médico general, quien tiene el primer contacto con el paciente, sea capaz de reconocer las manifesta-ciones, e instaure un tratamiento para evitar complicaciones y secuelas del paciente. Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos importantes de la artritis séptica y proporcionar al lector información relevante de forma práctica y concreta para su actuar médico diario. Método: Búsqueda de artículos originales en bases de datos, empleando términos MeSH y DeCS, consulta de textos guía, en el periodo 2010-2022. Resultados: Con mayor frecuencia se ven afectados pacientes en extremos de edad, como los mayores de 60 años y los menores de 20 años, y la rodilla es la principal articulación afectada. La fiebre no es un criterio necesario para el diagnóstico de artritis séptica y el principal factor de riesgo es la enfermedad articular previa. Conclusiones: El análisis del líquido sinovial y la tinción de Gram, junto con el cultivo, permiten hacer el diagnóstico. El tratamiento antibiótico empírico es guiado por los factores de riesgo del paciente y, posteriormente, por los resultados del cultivo


Introduction: Septic arthritis is considered an emergency in orthopedics, it is defined as the dispro-portionate inflammatory process triggered by the colonization of some microorganism in the joint space, causing pathophysiological changes that degrade the cartilage causing increased morbidity and mortality, prolongation of hospital stay, irreversible sequelae, as well as increased costs for the health system, for this reason it is of vital importance that the general practitioner who has the first contact with the patient can recognize the manifestations, and establish treatment to avoid compli-cations and sequelae of the patient.Objective: To identify the important aspects of septic arthritis and provide the reader with relevant information in a practical and concrete way for his daily medical practice.Method: We searched for original articles in databases using MeSH and DeCS terms, consulting guide texts, with a search period from 2010 to 2022. Results: Patients in extremes of age are more frequently affected, such as patients older than 60 years and younger than 20 years, being the knee the main affected joint. Fever is not a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of septic arthritis and the main risk factor is previous joint disease. Conclusions: Synovial fluid analysis and Gram stain together with culture allow making diagnosis. Empirical antibiotic treatment is guided by the patient's risk factors, then by the culture results.


Introdução: a artrite séptica é considerada uma emergência na ortopedia. É definida como um processo inflamatório desproporcional, desencadeado pela colonização de um microrganismo no espaço arti-cular que, com as mudanças fisiopatológicas causadas, degrada a cartilagem e aumenta a morbidade e a mortalidade, a permanência hospitalar prolongada, sequelas irreversíveis, assim como os custos para o sistema de saúde. Por esta razão, é vital que o clínico geral, que tem o primeiro contato com o paciente, seja capaz de reconhecer as manifestações, e instituir tratamento para evitar complicações e sequelas para o paciente. Objetivo: Identificar os aspetos importantes da artrite séptica e fornecer ao leitor informações relevan-tes de uma forma prática e concreta para a prática médica diária. Método: Pesquisa de artigos originais em bancos de dados, usando termos MeSH e DeCS, consulta de textos guias, no período de 2010-2022. Resultados: Os mais frequentemente afetados são os pacientes em extremos de idade, como aqueles com mais de 60 anos e menos de 20 anos, e o joelho é a principal articulação afetada. A febre não é um critério necessário para o diagnóstico de artrite séptica e o principal fator de risco é a doença articular prévia. Conclusões: A análise do líquido sinovial e a coloração de Gram, junto com a cultura em meios espe-cíficos, permitem que o diagnóstico seja feito. O tratamento antibiótico empírico é orientado pelos fatores de risco do paciente e, posteriormente, pelos resultados da cultura


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious , Osteomyelitis , Staphylococcus aureus , Synovial Fluid , Arthrocentesis
7.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 63-66, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928490

ABSTRACT

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most difficult complication following total joint arthroplasty. Most of the etiological strains, accounting for over 98% of PJI, are bacterial species, with Staphylococcusaureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci present in between 50% and 60% of all PJIs. Fungi, though rare, can also cause PJI in 1%-2% of cases and can be challenging to manage. The management of this uncommon but complex condition is challenging due to the absence of a consistent algorithm. Diagnosis of fungal PJI is difficult as isolation of the organisms by traditional culture may take a long time, and some of the culture-negative PJI can be caused by fungal organisms. In recent years, the introduction of next-generation sequencing has provided opportunity for isolation of the infective organisms in culture-negative PJI cases. The suggested treatment is based on consensus and includes operative and non-operative measures. Two-stage revision surgery is the most reliable surgical option for chronic PJI caused by fungi. Pharmacological therapy with antifungal agents is required for a long period of time with antibiotics and included to cover superinfections with bacterial species. The aim of this review article is to report the most up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of fungal PJI with the intention of providing clear guidance to clinicians, researchers and surgeons.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Infectious/etiology , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Fungi , Prosthesis-Related Infections/therapy , Retrospective Studies
8.
Infectio ; 25(4): 300-302, oct.-dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1286727

ABSTRACT

Resumen Caso reporte de una enfermedad infrecuente, aproximadamente 1% de las artritis sépticas son esternoclavicular, con poca respuesta a antibioterapia intravenosa, requiriendo manejo quirúrgico agresivo, el siguiente caso narra la excelente respuesta con el uso de perlas de sulfato de calcio impregnadas con antibióticos, existiendo en la literatura sólo casos reportes sobre su uso.


Abstract Case report of an infrequent disease, approximately 1% of septic arthritis are sternoclavicular, with little response to intravenous antibiotic therapy, requiring ag gressive surgical management, the following case narrates the excellent response with the use of calcium sulfate pearls impregnated with antibiotics, existing in the literature only cases reports on its use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Osteomyelitis , Calcium Sulfate , Arthritis, Infectious , Disease
9.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 109(3): 185-189, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1373088

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presen- tar a la artrocentesis como una alternativa quirúrgica mínima- mente invasiva en el tratamiento de la artritis séptica tempo- romandibular. Caso clínico: Un paciente hombre de 26 años con an- tecedente de flegmón perimandibular derecho tratado, acude a la Unidad Hospitalaria de Cirugía Maxilofacial por dolor articular temporomandibular, impotencia funcional y trismus, a un mes de haber sido dado de alta de un primer cuadro infec- cioso. Luego de los exámenes clínicos y complementarios, se diagnostica artritis séptica de articulación temporomandibular derecha, la cual fue tratada quirúrgicamente mediante dos ar- trocentesis acompañadas de terapia farmacológica (AU)


Aim: The aim of this case report is to present arthrocen- tesis as a minimally invasive surgical alternative in the treat- ment of temporomandibular septic arthritis. Clinical case: A 26-year-old male patient, with a his- tory of treated right perimandibular phlegmon, came to the Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital Unit due to temporomandibu- lar joint pain, functional impairment and trismus, one month after having recovered from his first infectious process. After clinical and complementary examinations, septic arthritis of the right temporomandibular joint was diagnosed, which was treated surgically by means of two arthrocenteses and phar- macological therapy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arthritis, Infectious/surgery , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/surgery , Arthrocentesis , Arthritis, Infectious/complications , Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/microbiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging
10.
Iatreia ; 34(4): 316-324, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350831

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: el principal patógeno en las infecciones osteoarticulares es el Staphylococcus aureus, los esquemas de tratamiento recomendados se basan en la literatura estadounidense o europea, no hay datos de estudios locales. El propósito de este estudio es conocer el perfil epidemiológico en las infecciones osteoarticulares del Hospital Infantil San Vicente Fundación (Medellín, Colombia) y las características de los pacientes afectados. Materiales y métodos: revisión retrospectiva de historias de pacientes entre los 0 y 15 años con diagnóstico de infección osteoarticular en el Hospital Infantil San Vicente Fundación, se detallaron las variables demográficas de la patología y los antecedentes relevantes para caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico de las infecciones osteoarticulares. Resultados: identificamos 72 pacientes con infección osteoarticular. La infección más común fue la artritis séptica (40 %), seguida por la osteomielitis aguda (37 %). La cadera (18 %) y la tibia (31 %) fueron la articulación y el hueso afectados con mayor frecuencia. La mayoría de las infecciones fueron secundarias a S. aureus (65 %), de estas fueron por Stafilococo aureus meticilino sensible (SAMS) el 38,9 % y por Stafilococo aureus meticilino resistente (SAMR)el 26,4 %. El tratamiento antibiótico empírico y el tratamiento definitivo se basó en cefalosporinas de primera generación en 83 % y 52,7% de los casos, respectivamente. La principal complicación fue la sepsis en 18 (25 %) pacientes. Conclusiones: se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha, no todos los pacientes se presentan con síntomas o signos típicos. El patógeno principal es el Staphylococcus aureus. En los últimos 10 años ha aumentado la incidencia de las infecciones por SAMR en nuestra institución en relación con estudios previos. Notamos una demora en el diagnóstico y, por ende, en el inicio del tratamiento.


SUMMARY Introduction: The main pathogen in osteoarticular infections is Staphylococcus aureus. The recommended treatment schemes are based on American or European literature, there are no data from local studies. The purpose of this study is to know the epidemiological profile in osteoarticular infections of the San Vicente Fundación children's hospital (Medellín/Colombia) and the characteristics of the affected patients. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of histories of patients between 0 and 15 years old with a diagnosis of osteoarticular infection in the San Vicente Fundación children's hospital detailing demographic variables, pathology and relevant antecedents to characterize the epidemiological profile of osteoarticular infections in the hospital. Results: We identified 72 patients with osteoarticular infection. The most common septic arthritis infection (40%) followed by acute osteomyelitis (37%), the most affected joint was the hip (18%) and the most affected bone was the tibia (31%). The majority of infections were secondary to S. aureus (65%) of which were by SAMS 38.9% and by SAMR 26.4%. Empirical as well as definitive antibiotic treatment was based on first generation cephalosporins 83% and 52.7% respectively. The main complication was sepsis in 18 (25%) patients. Conclusions: There must be a high index of suspicion, not all patients present with typical symptoms and / or signs. The main pathogen Staphylococcus aureushas increased the incidence of MRSA infections in our institution in the last 10 years in relation to previous studies. We note delay in diagnosis and therefore in the start of treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteomyelitis , Staphylococcus aureus , Arthritis, Infectious , Health Profile
11.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 10(3): 321, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1425532

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones osteoarticulares y musculoesqueléticas son patologías infecciosas relativamente infrecuentes en la infancia, afectando generalmente a varones y menores de 5 años. Países desarrollados reportan una incidencia anual de osteomielitis de 10 a 80/100.000 niños y de 4 casos/100.000 niños para artritis séptica. En países tropicales, la piomiositis tiene una incidencia de un caso por cada 2.000 habitantes. El Staphylococcus aureus es el principal agente causal. En la infancia la vía más común del legada del germen a la articulación es la hematógena. Hasta en un 30% de niños coexisten osteomielitis aguda y artritis séptica. Se presenta el caso de preescolar masculino de 3años, quien posterior a aplastamiento de miembro inferior izquierdo, presenta aumento de volumen, dolor y limitación para la marcha, asociándose 9 días después fiebre de 39.5°C,acudiendo al Hospital Universitario de Caracas. La anamnesis, evaluación clínica y estudios paraclínicos fueron sugestivos depiomiositis de muslo izquierdo, osteomielitis de fémur izquierdo y artritis séptica de rodilla izquierda. Se indica antibioticoterapiacon cobertura para Staphylococcus aureus (ciprofloxacina y clindamicina). Se realizó artrotomía evacuadora y limpieza quirúrgica de estructuras afectadas. El cultivo reportó Staphylococcus aureus sensible a ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, linezolid, rifampicina, trimetropin/sulfametoxazol; resistentea clindamicina, eritromicina, oxacilina, por lo que se omitióclindamicina y se indicó trimetropin/sulfametoxazol. Cumplió21 días de tratamiento intravenoso, observándose evolución satisfactoria por lo que se decidió egreso, dando continuidad con tratamiento vía oral por cuatro semanas y seguimiento interdisciplinario. El abordaje oportuno y adecuado de estas patologías disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones(AU)


Osteoarticular and musculoskeletal infections are relatively rare infectious diseases in childhood, generally affecting men and children under 5 years of age. Developed countries report an annual incidence of osteomyelitis of 10 to 80 / 100,000 children and 4 cases / 100,000 children for septicarthritis. In tropical countries, pyomyositis has an incidence of one case for every 2,000 inhabitants. Staphylococcus aureusis the main causative agent. In childhood the most commonroute of arrival of the germ to the joint is hematogenous.Up to 30% of children coexist acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. We present the case of a 3-year-old male preschoolerwho, after crushing his left lower limb, presented an increasein volume, pain, and limited gait, and was associated witha fever of 39.5 ° C 9 days later, going to the University Hospital of Caracas. the anamnesis, clinical evaluation and paraclinical studies were suggestive of pyomyositis of the leftthigh, osteomyelitis of the left femur and septic arthritis of the left knee. Antibiotic therapy with coverage for Staphylococcus aureus (ciprofloxacin and clindamycin) is indicated. Evacuating arthrotomy and surgical cleaning of affected structures were performed. The culture reported Staphylococcus aureus sensitiveto ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, rifampin, trimetropin /sulfamethoxazole; resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin,oxacillin, therefore clindamycin was omitted and trimetropin /sulfamethoxazole was indicated. He completed 21 days ofintravenous treatment, observing satisfactory evolution so hisdis charge was decided, continuing with oral treatment for four weeks and interdisciplinary follow-up. The timely and adequate approach to these pathologies reduces the risk of developing complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Osteomyelitis , Staphylococcus aureus , Arthritis, Infectious , Pyomyositis , Methicillin , Oxacillin , Therapeutics , Gentamicins , Infections , Joints , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Musculoskeletal System
12.
Prensa méd. argent ; 107(8): 418-422, 20210000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358673

ABSTRACT

Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) son enzimas producidas por bacilos gram negativos capaces de hidrolizar las cefalosporinas de amplio espectro y los monobactámicos. La mayoría pertenece a la familia de Enterobacteriae, tales como Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli: Sin embargo, se asocian también con otras bacterias como Proteus, Serratia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Acinetobacter. Las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas no sólo han sido aisladas en el ambiente hospitalario, sino que también provienen de la comunidad. Se presenta una paciente de sexo femenino con antecedentes de sida y osteomielitis secundaria a artritis séptica producida por una Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE de la comunidad. Un tratamiento oportuno y eficaz puede evitar la opción quirúrgica, disminuyendo la morbimortalidad asociada con esta afección


Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes produced by gram-negative rods capable of hydrolyzing broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. Most belong to the Enterobacteriae family, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. However, they are also associated with other bacteria such as Proteus, Serratia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have not only been isolated from the hospital environment, but also from the community. We present a female patient with a history of AIDS and secondary osteomyelitis to septic arthritis caused by a community Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. It is concluded that a timely and effective treatment can avoids the surgical option, reducing the morbidity and mortality of this condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Osteomyelitis/immunology , Klebsiella Infections/therapy , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Imipenem/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Arthrocentesis , Knee Injuries/therapy
13.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 32(3): 304-310, mayo-jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1518481

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones osteorticulares (IOA) en el niño son una causa importante de morbilidad y secuelas. Su pesquisa oportuna y el tratamiento eficiente pueden lograr excelentes resultados. La mejoría en las condiciones de salud de la población, y el cambio de los agentes etiológicos han variado la forma de presentación y tratamiento. La existencia de gérmenes como Kingella kingae y Staphilococcus aureus multiresistente, contribuyen a la variabilidad de presentación de las infecciones osteoarticulares.El manejo de estas patologías requiere de un conocimiento del cuadro clínico, de los métodos de diagnóstico y las herramientas terapéuticas. Para obtener buenos resultados es requisito básico el enfrentamiento de estos pacientes en un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas.En este manuscrito revisaremos los aspectos fundamentales de las infecciones osteoarticulares, según el enfoque que aplicamos en nuestros pacientes.


Osteoarticular infections are a substantial cause of morbidity and sequelae in children. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment can achieve excellent results. The improvement in the health conditions of the population and the change in the etiological agents have produced changes in their presentation and their required treatment. The existence of germs like Kingella kingae and Staphilococcus aureus multiresistant contribute to the variability of presentation of osteoarticular infections.The appropriate management of these pathologies requires knowledge of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic tools. To obtain good results, it is a basic requirement that these patients be confronted by a multidisciplinary team of specialists.In this manuscript we will review the most fundamental aspects of osteoarticular infections according to the approach we apply to our patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Arthritis, Infectious/etiology
14.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 56(2): 268-270, Apr.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251343

ABSTRACT

Abstract Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis is a rare condition. Risk factors include trauma, low-grade infection, urological or gynecological procedures, malignant tumors of the pelvis, sports, and intravenous drug abuse. This report describes a case of septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis in a 23-year-old male patient with no history of pelvic surgery, previous infections, or intense physical activity. Arthritis was diagnosed by blood culture positive for Enterococcus spp. and yeasts, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. This case emphasizes the importance of complementary exams to aid the treatment of septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis and shows that an invasive procedure, such as pubic symphysis puncture biopsy, may not be required.


Resumo A artrite séptica da sínfise púbica é uma condição rara. Os fatores de risco são trauma, infecção de baixo grau, procedimentos urológicos ou ginecológicos, tumores malignos da pelve, prática de esportes e uso de drogas intravenosas. O presente relato descreve um caso de artrite séptica da sínfise púbica em um paciente do sexo masculino, de 23 anos, sem história de cirurgias pélvicas, infecções prévias ou atividade física intensa. A artrite foi diagnosticada pela hemocultura que revelou crescimento de Enterococcus sp + leveduras, e o paciente foi tratado com antibioticoterapia. Este caso enfatiza a importância de exames complementares no auxílio do tratamento da artrite séptica da sínfise púbica, e demonstra que procedimentos invasivos, tais como a punção da sínfise púbica, podem não ser necessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Osteitis , Pubic Symphysis , Arthritis, Infectious , Enterococcus , Anti-Bacterial Agents
15.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06857, 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1351275

ABSTRACT

Sow mortality is directly related to financial losses and productive efficiency in pig farms. Despite this, diseases associated with the death of sows are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the main causes of death of sows in Brazilian pig farms. To perform this research, three Brazilian pig farms were visited, and necropsies were performed on all sows that had died spontaneously or were subjected to euthanasia. Tissue fragments were collected for histopathological and bacteriological examination. In addition, the clinical signs, productive stage, parity, and type of death (spontaneous or euthanasia) were recorded. A total of 138 necropsies were performed, and 132 had a conclusive diagnosis. The most frequent productive stages were gestation and lactation (33.3 and 31.9%, respectively), followed by parturient sows (17.4%), cull sows (9.4%), weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) (4.3%), and unmated gilts (3.6%). The most affected organ systems were reproductive (28%), digestive (25%), locomotor (22%), cardiovascular (9.1%), and hematopoietic (6.1%). The most frequently diagnosed conditions were uterine prolapse (16/132; 12.1%), gastric ulcer (13/132; 9.8%), suppurative arthritis (11/132; 8.3%), liver lobe torsion (11/132; 8.3%), heart failure (9/132; 6.8%), vaginal or vaginal and rectal prolapse (9/132; 6.8%), and pododermatitis (8/132; 6.1%). Although 58.2% of the deaths were due to one of these seven diseases, there was a great variability in diagnoses.(AU)


A mortalidade de porcas está diretamente relacionada a perdas financeiras e à eficiência produtiva das granjas. Apesar disso, as doenças associadas à morte de porcas são pouco conhecidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as principais causas de morte de porcas em granjas suinícolas brasileiras. Para a realização desta pesquisa, três granjas brasileiras foram visitadas e necropsias foram realizadas em todas as porcas que morreram espontaneamente ou foram submetidas à eutanásia. Fragmentos de tecidos foram coletados para exame histopatológico e bacteriológico. Além disso, foram registrados os sinais clínicos, estágio reprodutivo, ordem de parto e tipo de morte (espontânea ou eutanásia). Um total de 138 necropsias foram realizadas e 132 tiveram um diagnóstico conclusivo. Os estágios produtivos mais frequentes foram gestação e lactação (33,3 e 31,9%, respectivamente), seguidos por porcas parturientes (17,4%), porcas de descarte (9,4%), intervalo desmame-estro (IDE) (4,3%) e leitoas vazias (3,6%). Os sistemas orgânicos mais afetados foram reprodutor (28%), digestivo (25%), locomotor (22%), cardiovascular (9,1%) e hematopoiético (6,1%). As condições mais frequentemente diagnosticadas foram prolapso uterino (16/132; 12,1%), úlcera gástrica (13/132; 9,8%), artrite supurativa (11/132; 8,3%), torção do lobo hepático (11/132; 8,3%), insuficiência cardíaca (9/132; 6,8%), prolapso vaginal ou prolapso vaginal e retal (9/132; 6,8%) e pododermatite (8/132; 6,1%). Embora 58,2% dos óbitos tenham ocorrido por uma dessas sete doenças, houve grande variabilidade de diagnósticos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Stomach Ulcer , Swine , Arthritis, Infectious , Mortality , Efficiency
16.
Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ; (6): 850-856, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-942264

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the experience in the diagnosis and management of septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.@*METHODS@#A retrospective review was conducted of all the arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions performed at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital between January 2001 and December 2020. In the study, 65 of 27 867 patients experienced postoperative septic arthritis. The incidence, presentation, laboratory results, treatment, and outcome of all the infected patients were analyzed. The experiences of diagnosis and management of septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were summarized.@*RESULTS@#A total of 27 867 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions were performed at our department between January 2001 and December 2020. In the study, 65 (0.23%) patients were identified with postoperative septic arthritis. The most common symptoms of the infected patients were fever (38.7±0.5) ℃, knee swelling, pain, and restricted motion. The mean peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) was (9.2±2.6)×109/L (range 4.2×109/L-19.4×109/L), with (72.5±6.3) % (range 54.9%-85.1%) polymorphonuclear neutrophils (N). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was (59.9±24.1) mm/h (range 9-108 mm/h), C-reactive protein (CRP) was (10.9±5.7) mg/dL (range 1.2-30.8 mg/dL), and fibrinogen (FIB) level was (7.0±1.6) g/L (range 3.7-10.8 g/L). All of the laboratory results were statistically higher in the infection group compared with the normal postoperative group (P<0.001). The synovial white blood cell count (SWBC) of aspirated knee joint fluid was (45.0±29.8)×109/L (range 7.1×109-76.5×109/L). Polymorphonuclear cell percentage (PMNC) was (90.27±7.86) % (range 60%-97%). In the study, 45 patients (69.2%) had positive aspirate cultures. Microbiology showed coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) were the most common bacterium (34 cases and 7 cases, individually). There were 26 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Both conservative (16 patients) and operative (49 patients) treatments were effective, but conservative group had a longer recovery time (5.6 d vs. 1.6 d, P=0.042).@*CONCLUSION@#Septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a rare but potentially devastating complication. The correct diagnosis relies on synovial fluid analysis and bacterial culture. Our proposed treatment protocol is arthroscopic debridement and antibiotic therapy as quickly as possible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Arthritis, Infectious/etiology , Arthroscopy , Knee Joint/surgery , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 35(2): 198-203, 2021. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1378613

ABSTRACT

La presentación de poliartritis séptica en un paciente inmunocompetente es infrecuente, aún más lo es la presentación de la mencionada junto con fascitis necrotizante en el contexto de infección por Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años, recluido, sin antecedentes médicos relevantes, inmunocompetente, quien debuta con un cuadro clínico de poliartritis séptica en rodilla bilateral y tobillo izquierdo. Recibe manejo con múltiples lavados y desbridamientos quirúrgicos, desarrolla fascitis necrotizante de la cara posterior de la pierna izquierda, recibe a su vez manejo quirúrgico para dicha condición (incluyendo aplicación de terapia de vacío), al igual que antibioticoterapia enfocada al manejo del germen aislado (Penicilina + vancomicina). Sin embargo, tras un mes de manejo conjunto con servicios de Cirugía Plástica, Dermatología, Ortopedia, así como vigilancia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, termina con un desenlace fatal tras presentar falla multiorgánica. La infección por el SP puede resultar en una elevada morbilidad para él paciente e incluso un desenlace mortal secundario a un compromiso sistémico de muy difícil manejo. El diagnóstico oportuno, así como un tratamiento médico y quirúrgico agresivo pueden no ser suficientes para el control de la infección, incluso en pacientes sin compromiso inmunológico previo. Asimismo, un enfoque multidisciplinario debe corresponder al estándar de manejo con el fin de controlar aquellas condiciones predisponentes de infección. Este es el primer caso reportado en la literatura nacional en relación con estas dos fatales condiciones. Finalmente se pretende resaltar que a pesar de que esta infección suele comprometer infantes y pacientes inmunocomprometidos, no se debe obviar su diagnóstico en pacientes previamente sanos, especialmente en casos de infecciones de rápida diseminación y poca respuesta al manejo adecuado.


Septic polyarthritis in an immunocompetent patient is highly rare, even more when it coexists with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). A 54 year old, immunocompetent male patient is presented herein. The patient had no relevant previous illness, before the installation of a septic arthritis of both knees and he's left ankle. He receives treatment with sequential surgical debridement, then develops necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior aspect of the left leg requiring adequate treatment for such condition (including Vacuum Assisted Closure), as well as antibiotic therapy for the specific infecting microorganism (Penicillin + Vancomycin). Nonetheless, after a month of surgical management between Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Orthopaedics as well as surveillance in the Intensive Care Unit, the patient dies after multi organic failure. Infection caused by SP might entail high morbidity for a patient and even end with death of the aforementioned caused by a hard to manage systemic organic failure. The adequate diagnosis, as well as aggressive medical and surgical management could not be enough for controlling the infection, even in patients without previous immunological compromise. At the same time, a multidisciplinary approach must be the standard of treatment, aiming to control predisposing infectious conditions. This is the first case reported in national literature related to these two fatal conditions. Finally, one of the purposes of this report is to highlight that despite reports of this microorganism infecting infants and immunocompromised patients, it must not be obviated in healthy patients, especially in cases of rapidly spreading infection and scarce response to adequate management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arthritis, Infectious , Arthritis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Adult
18.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 28(2): 106-111, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1282672

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar y comparar de manera retrospectiva la tasa de artritis séptica (AS) postquirúrgicas en reconstrucción de LCA entre dos grupos de estudio: A, sin el uso local de vancomicina en el injerto autólogo de isquiotibiales, versus grupo B, con profilaxis antibiótica local.Materiales y métodos: se trabajaron dos grupos compuestos por 683 pacientes en total, con diagnóstico primario de ruptura de LCA. Grupo A, operados entre 2016 y 2017, en los que no se utilizó profilaxis antibiótica del autoinjerto; y el grupo B, intervenidos entre 2018 y 2019, donde se sumergió el autoinjerto de isquiotibiales en 500 mg de vancomicina en 100 ml de solución fisiológica como profilaxis local. En ambos grupos se llevó a cabo el protocolo usual pre, intra y postquirúrgico. Resultados: se analizó la relación entre presencia de infección y las diferentes variables estudiadas, se observó que el uso local de vancomicina en el injerto autólogo de isquiotibiales está asociado a menor infección (p <0.05). La edad, el sexo y el sanatorio donde se realiza la cirugía no condicionan necesariamente la presencia de infección (p >0.05).Conclusión: presentamos este trabajo como prueba en nuestro medio del claro beneficio que se obtuvo, ya que los pacientes que fueron sometidos a la profilaxis local de vancomicina del autoinjerto mostraron una disminución notable de artritis séptica.Tipo de estudio: Artículo Original ­ Descriptivo-transversal. Nivel de evidencia: III


Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate and retrospectively compare the rate of postoperative septic arthritis (SA) in ACL reconstruction, between two study groups: A without local use of vancomycin in autologous hamstring graft versus group B with local antibiotic prophylaxisMaterials and methods: two groups composed of 683 patients in total, with a primary diagnosis of ACL rupture, were studied. Group A, operated on in 2016 and 2017, in which antibiotic prophylaxis of the autograft was not used; and the second group B, between 2018 and 2019, where the hamstring autograft was submerged in 500 mg of vancomycin in 100 ml of physiological solution as local prophylaxis. Preoperative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was carried out in both groups as the usual protocol.Results: it was obtained as a result that in group A, the two years that they worked without "pre-soaking" of antibiotics in the autograft and the relationship between the presence of infection and the different variables studied was analyzed, where they found that the use Local vancomycin in the autologous hamstring graft is associated with a minor infection (p <0.05). However, age, sex and the sanatorium where the surgery is performed do not necessarily determine the presence of infection (p >0.05)Conclusion: we present this work as proof in our environment of the clear benefit that we obtained, since the patients who underwent local prophylaxis of vancomycin of the autograft, showed a notable decrease in septic arthritis.Type of study: Original Article - Descriptive-cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: III


Subject(s)
Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Infectious/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
19.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 28(1): 92-96, 2021.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1252457

ABSTRACT

La artritis séptica es una complicación poco común después de una reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), por lo que las estrategias de prevención no han sido estudiadas extensamente. Esta revisión se enfocará en la recopilación de diferentes estrategias publicadas para la prevención de infección del LCA postoperatoria. Hay estudios que muestran aumento del riesgo de infección en consumidores de tabaco. El uso de antibióticos intravenosos preoperatorios profilácticos debería ser parte del manejo habitual de todos los pacientes que se sometan a una artroscopía de rodilla. No existe evidencia de los beneficios del uso de drenajes intraarticulares, por lo que deben evitarse. La literatura sugiere que el autoinjerto del tendón patelar tiene menor riesgo de infección que los otros injertos, por lo tanto, se recomienda su uso si se quiere minimizar la tasa de infección después una reconstrucción del LCA. La implementación de un protocolo clínico mejora significativamente la calidad del cuidado de los pacientes que se someten a una reconstrucción del LCA, disminuyendo las tasas de infección. La irrigación de gentamicina en solución podría tener un efecto protector para el desarrollo de artritis séptica después de la reconstrucción artroscópica del LCA, pero se necesitan más estudios para confirmar su efectividad. La inmersión previa de los injertos con vancomicina ha demostrado reducir drásticamente la tasa de infección después de una reconstrucción del LCA y especialmente cuando se realiza una reconstrucción del LCA con autoinjerto de tendones de los isquiotibiales


As septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an uncommon complication, information on prevention strategies has not been extensively studied before. This review will focus on collecting different published strategies for prevention of post-operative ACL infection. Regarding tobacco use, there is evidence that it increases the risk of infection; therefore, its use should be strongly discouraged. Preoperative intravenous antibiotics should be the standard of care of any patient undergoing an arthroscopic procedure in the knee. Intra-articular drains have no positive evidence for its use and therefore should be avoided. The literature suggests that patellar tendon autograft has the lowest risk of infection of any graft, recommending its use if the infection rate after ACL reconstruction wants to be minimized. Implementing a clinical pathway significantly improves the quality and consistency of care for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and decreases the infection rates. Gentamicin irrigation solution may have a protective effect against septic arthritis development following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, but more studies are needed to confirm its usefulness. Vancomycin presoaking of the grafts has shown to dramatically reduce the infection rate after ACL reconstruction and its use is strongly recommended especially when performing hamstrings autograft ACL reconstruction


Subject(s)
Postoperative Complications , Vancomycin , Arthritis, Infectious , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Infections , Anti-Bacterial Agents
20.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(6)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388179

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones osteoarticulares (IOA) son consideradas una urgencia infectológica en niños. Los principales microorganismos causales son Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pyogenes. Objetivo: Describir las características bio-demográficas y clínicas de pacientes de 2 meses a 15 años hospitalizados entre 2012 y 2017 con diagnóstico de IOA. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en un hospital pediátrico. Se revisaron fichas clínicas de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de IOA. Resultados: Se incluyó a 146 pacientes. Un 60,3% fueron de sexo masculino, mediana de edad 3 años 11 meses. El síntoma más frecuente al ingreso fue dolor articular (90%) y la mediana de PCR fue de 43 mg/L. Se obtuvo identificación microbiológica en 48%; de ellos, 67,8 % S. aureus (10,2% resistentes a meticilina). El 94,5% de los pacientes recibió de forma empírica β-lactámico anti-estafilocócico. Un 70,5% de los niños requirió procedimiento quirúrgico. A las 72 h se observó respuesta clínica y a los 4,7 días descenso de parámetros inflamatorios de laboratorio. El 88% de los pacientes cursó sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las IOA son más frecuentes en varones, el agente infeccioso más frecuentemente identificado fue S. aureus, por lo cual se sugiere inicio del esquema antimicrobiano con un β-lactámico anti-estafilocócico, ampliando cobertura en pacientes bajo 5 años de edad. A los 5 días del tratamiento antimicrobiano ya hay respuesta clínica y descenso de parámetros inflamatorios.


Abstract Background: Osteoarticular infections (IOA) are considered infectious emergencies. The main microorganisms isolated are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Aim: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients from 2 months to 15 years old, hospitalized between the years 2012 and 2017 with IOA diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective study in a pediatric hospital. Clinical records of hospitalized patients with IOA were reviewed. Results: 146 met inclusion criteria. 60.3% of the patients were male, median age 3 years 11 months. The main symptom at admission was joint pain (90%) and the median CRP was 43 mg/L. 48% of the patients had microbiological identification; 67.8% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus (10.2% SAMR). 94.5% of the sample received empirical antistaphylococcal beta-lactam treatment and 70,5% had a surgical intervention. Clinical response was observed 72 hours of beginning of treatment, and a decreased in inflammatory laboratory markers was observed at 4.7 days. 88% of patients attended without complications. Conclusions: IOA infections are more common in boys, S. aureus is the main isolated pathogen, so we suggest to initiate the antimicrobial scheme with an antistaphylococcal beta-lactam, adding broad spectrum antimicrobial in children under 5 years. After 5 days of treatment, clinical resolution and decreased inflammatory laboratory parameters were observed.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Osteomyelitis , Staphylococcal Infections , Arthritis, Infectious , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
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